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An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments that support the ankle are overstretched or torn, typically due to twisting, rolling, or turning the ankle in an unusual manner. Whether you are an athlete or not, ankle sprains are a common injury that can affect your ability to move comfortably. Understanding your ankle sprain, its causes, and how to treat it can support a full and lasting recovery.
What is an Ankle Sprain?
An ankle sprain involves damage to one or more ligaments in the ankle joint, typically the lateral ligaments on the outside of the ankle. These ligaments help stabilize the joint, and when stretched beyond their limit, they can become injured. Symptoms of an ankle sprain may include swelling, bruising, pain with weight-bearing, and limited range of motion.
Types of Ankle Sprains
An ankle sprain occurs when one or more ankle ligaments are stretched or torn due to sudden twisting or rolling of the foot. There are several different types of sprains, each involving a specific area of the ankle. Understanding these types helps guide diagnosis, treatment, and how to prevent ankle sprains in the future.
Lateral Ankle Sprain
The most common type of ankle sprain is a lateral ankle sprain, which occurs when the foot rolls inward, placing stress on the ligaments on the outer side of the ankle. This kind of ankle injury often involves a torn ligament. A lateral sprain may cause severe pain, swelling, and bruising, especially after an initial injury. People with lateral sprains are at higher risk for recurrent sprains if the ligaments do not heal properly or if the injured ankle is not rehabilitated. Repeated trauma can lead to chronic ankle instability over time.
Medial Ankle Sprain
A medial ankle sprain affects the deltoid ligament on the inner side of the ankle. These sprains are less common but can be more serious due to the strength of the ligament and its attachment to the ankle bones. A severe ankle sprain on the medial side can result in long-lasting discomfort and reduced ankle function if not treated effectively. Medial sprains are often associated with other injuries, such as fractures or soft tissue injury, and can contribute to chronic ankle sprain symptoms. Proper rehabilitation is critical to ensure that the injured ligament regains strength and flexibility.
High Ankle Sprain
High ankle sprains involve the ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula. These injuries typically occur when the foot is twisted outward, especially during high-impact sports or sudden changes in direction. A high ankle sprain tends to take longer to heal than other types and may limit mobility for weeks or even months. The severity and how well the sprains heal will depend on the degree of ligament damage. Without proper care, high ankle sprains can lead to recurrent ankle sprains, leaving the athlete vulnerable to future ankle sprains and potentially resulting in chronic ankle instability. The healing time for any ankle sprain depends on the location and extent of the damage.
Ankle Sprain Grades
Sprains are classified into three grades based on their severity. Identifying the right grade helps guide appropriate treatment and recovery time.
Grade One Sprain
A grade one ankle sprain is the mildest form, involving slight stretching or microscopic tearing of the ligament fibers. You may experience minor swelling and tenderness with this acute ankle sprain, but stability is generally maintained.
Grade Two Sprain
A grade two sprain is a moderate injury that includes partial tearing of the ligament. This grade typically results in moderate pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty walking or putting pressure on the affected foot.
Grade Three Sprain
A grade three ankle sprain is the most severe, involving a complete rupture of one or more ligaments. Symptoms often include significant swelling, intense pain, instability, and an inability to bear weight.
What Does an Ankle Sprain Mean?
A sprained ankle means that the connective tissue supporting your ankle joint has been damaged, which can impact your balance, coordination, and mobility. Prompt treatment and appropriate rehabilitation are crucial to avoid chronic instability or recurring injuries.
Ankle Sprain Symptoms
- Swelling around the ankle
- Bruising or discoloration
- Sharp or throbbing pain
- Tenderness to the touch
- Instability or difficulty walking
- A popping sound at the time of injury
Ankle Sprain Causes
Ankle sprains typically occur during physical activity or accidents that involve sudden or awkward foot movements. Common causes include:
- Stepping on an uneven surface
- Landing improperly after a jump
- Sports-related twisting injuries
- Wearing improper footwear
- Weak ankle muscles
Ankle Sprain Diagnosis
If you suspect an ankle sprain, it is important to consult a medical professional. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as X-rays or an MRI, to rule out fractures or assess ligament damage. Your provider will determine the severity and customize a treatment plan accordingly.
Sprained Ankle Treatment
Initial care often includes pain and swelling control. Once swelling and pain subside, a physical therapist will guide you through exercises that improve strength, balance, and joint stability. Severe sprains may require a brace, immobilization, or surgery for complete ligament tears.
Why Choose Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is essential for full recovery from an ankle sprain. Your physical therapist will focus on reducing inflammation, restoring flexibility and strength, and preventing future injuries. A personalized plan ensures you return to your daily activities with reduced risk of reinjury.
Contact Us
If you are experiencing ankle pain or a sprain, contact Resilient Performance Physical Therapy in Manhattan, NYC, Chatham & Wharton, New Jersey, or Darien, Connecticut to begin your recovery by completing our online contact form.
